Us Foreign Policy - 2444 Words

1. Introduction The goals and norms of American foreign policy can be traced over a number of centuries. Starting in 1776, foreign policy in the United States (US) has gone through a rollercoaster of competing strategies and schools of thought. Two competing strategies of Isolationism and Internationalism have taken their turns headlining the foreign policy principles of various American governments. Importantly, the reasons for the to and fro movement between these two extremes can not be linked to a single source but to a multitude of elements both internal and external shaping American thinking. In the sections that follow, a historical path will be traced through American foreign policy starting in 1776 with a watershed period†¦show more content†¦The key to combating communism was the belief in the domino theory, claiming that if one state fell to communism it would have a domino effect on neighbouring states, capitulating them into communism. Though small scale conflicts and ideological flare-ups characterised the Cold War Period, the most famous foreign policy principle was that of dà ©tente. Through the leadership of Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger dà ©tente was based upon mutual respect and the view that both the US and Soviet Union would gain from cooperation and restraint (Kegley et al, 2003: 51). This period was one of the more stable in terms of US foreign policy as it almost singularly focused on defeating the threat of communism and the challenge to its liberal internationalism. Much of the Cold War was based upon ideological differences and power struggle. As the Soviet resolve started to wane under the Gorbachev presidency, the Soviet Union recognised the benefits of the free market economy the US was promoting. During this period heading towards the end of the Cold War the USSR and the US entered into several agreements regarding their nuclear weapons, as well as the control of arms world wide. This would lead to the move toward nuclear disarmament across the rest of the globe. 5. Post-Cold War and 9/11 The post-Cold War period was markedShow MoreRelatedUS Foreign Policy Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesUS Foreign policy is what the United States of America does in foreign countries. This may include setting new rules or even controlling the countries’ governments. What the US does in other countries usually ends up creating a conflict or an uprising in the region. US foreign policy makes the world very unstable and it causes disagreements between countries. The Israel Lobby has a great deal of negative influence on US foreign policy. The US is also very keen to destroy WahabbistRead MoreEssay about President Bush And Us Foreign Policy1683 Words   |  7 Pages2000 raised a debate between democrat and republican and in the end the American people chose a new leader Mr. George w. Bush. President Bush clearly defined foreign policy objectives and goals. I have seen and hear our dear President Bush foreign policy after September 11. Following this, Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He claims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. Likewise President Bush remark It isRead MoreUs Foreign Policy2433 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction The goals and norms of American foreign policy can be traced over a number of centuries. Starting in 1776, foreign policy in the United States (US) has gone through a rollercoaster of competing strategies and schools of thought. Two competing strategies of Isolationism and Internationalism have taken their turns headlining the foreign policy principles of various American governments. Importantly, the reasons for the to and fro movement between these two extremes can not be linkedRead MoreUs Foreign Policy Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Foreign Policy has always been in a constant form of metamorphosis. Gradually, since the birth of the United States of America, the country has been slowly evolving it’s policies and relations with other countries. The United States began its history as a insignificant isolated nation. It slowly overtime would change to what the powerhouse that it is today: A Global Superpower. Just after the 13 Colonies began the break with Britain, the nations first government would come into existenceRead MoreUs Foreign Policy Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is US foreign policy pulled to extreme of either doing too much or nothing at all? The inability of U.S. foreign policy to stay effective is because America has committed itself to supporting alliances that have not proven to be mutually beneficial. Foreign assistance, which is supposed to improve the well-being of recipient countries, goes directly to small coalitions. The United States, with the fear of losing its position on the global stage, has committed itself to the conundrum of regimeRead MoreThe Washington Rules Of Us Foreign Policy1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Washington Rules† project of US foreign policy has managed to sustain and regenerate itself since the end of World War Two. According to the theory of â€Å"Washington Rules,† the world must be ordered by the United States and cannot be permitted to order itself. This notion is considered to be a self-mechanism; the United States has a duty and moral obligation to be the world’s policeman to the point where other nations just naturally expect us to act. Nonetheless, we so metimes forget that by followingRead MoreEssay on Israel and US Foreign Policy1261 Words   |  6 Pagesof the US, served its own interests which were not always consistent with US interest in regional stability. The Israeli violations, however, were either condoned or even approved by the US administrations. These reactions comprised what this chapter addressed as a pro-Israel model of intervention. The pro-Israel intervention represented the US foreign policy reaction when the violation to regional stability was committed by Israel. The cases discussed above were evaluated against the US reactionRead MorePost-Cold War US Foreign Policy1417 Words   |  6 PagesPost-Cold War US Foreign Relations The Cold War and its ending with the dismantling of the Soviet Union and a great reduction in the threat of communism as a competing system to capitalism and democratic governance changed the focus of US foreign policy. The change did not happen overnight and has ebbed and flowed significantly across time, often associated with the nature of foreign conflicts and US involvement in them but change it did (Saull, 2007, p. 180). The reduction of the size, might andRead MoreUS Foreign Policy During the 20th Century797 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of the history of the United States, specific foreign policies have affected the methods in which the U.S. involves itself around the globe. Specifically, certain policies have affected U.S. involvement in Latin America. It is the intention of this essay to explain the United States foreign policy behind specific doctrines. In order to realize current objectives, this paper will proceed as follows: Part 1 will define the Monroe Doctrine, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5 will concurrentlyRead MoreHistory And Political Science : Future Of Us Foreign Policy Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesName: Course: Instruction: Date: History and Political Science: Future of US Foreign Policy America has been enjoying complete global domination for quite a while now. There is no other country on earth that has been able to do that; ever. For about 50 years, America has been the strongest in terms of its economy, its military might, as well as the cultural power it holds over the other countries in the world (Hastedt). For the last twenty years, all the rest of the world has known in terms of the

Event Medical Staff Training Summary - 1073 Words

Event Medical Staff Training Manual About Us We are an LLC mobile medical care unit, specifically trained to deal with event medical staffing. We are compassionate, caring, and professional. A team of 8-10 independent contract EMT’s will be available for bookings. We provide on-site medical care, and a 24 hour medical booth. Our teams respond to all medical calls, roam the grounds to look for emergencies, and limit the need for medical transport for events. Corporate Regulation According to yourtrainingprovider.com: â€Å"The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) oversee most of the regulations related directly to the health care system, and for ensuring compliance to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA,†¦show more content†¦The ATSDR responds to hazardous material threats, educates the public on HAZMAT risks and encourages community members and organization’s participation. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), another federal agency, was created to protect human health and the environment through the writing and enforcing of regulations based on laws passed by Congress.†(yourtrainingprovider.com. n.d.) Contracts When an event is booked, a legally binding contract will be drawn up by our lawyers. It will include an agreement, consideration, capacity, genuineness of assent, and legality of purpose. It will be signed by the event coordinator, event medical services CEO Jayme Ward, and a witness. The contract shall include: event name, date, and location, type of event, expected number of attendees, and an outline of the services we provide. Negligence Torts Business Law-Law Business and Society states that torts are, â€Å"civil wrongs not arising from contracts.†(McAdams. P. 278) Torts involve a breach of duty resulting in loss and or injury. Negligence is defined as, â€Å"situations in which harm is caused accidently, and no intent is present.† (McAdams. p.279) According to the association of state and territorial health officials, â€Å"A number of specific negligence theories may apply in the emergency response context: Medical Malpractice—Health care providers may be open to malpractice claims for breach of duty to a patient. Scope of Practice—A licensedShow MoreRelatedSEC440 Week 7 Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesprotected health information (PHI) are to ensure that all physical/electronic processes are safeguarded from any third party entity or unauthorized personnel according to HIPAA. All health care data to include any medical insurance information is to be private and must be secure. All medical institutions within the U.S. are expected to enforce these rules to ensure that they are compliant with the law. 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In 2015 it was identified that Dr. Nichols desires for her organization to have a franchised system for medical providers to establish their own profitable integrated medical practice, regardless of the specialty. Lisa McNeil and Trifecta Consulting were hired to assess the organizational and training needs, determine why profits have flat linedRead MoreThe Delivery Of Health Services1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdepartments and health care professionals. 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American Multinational Company

Question: Write an essay on Apple Inc. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. is an American multinational company. It is a technology company that manufactures, develops and sells consumer electronics and software. The headquarters is located in Cupertino, California. It was formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Woznaik in 1976. It is worlds second largest technology company and mobile phone manufacturer (Sanchirico, n.d.). Current CEO of Apple Inc. is Timothy Cook. The products that Apple Inc. designs are I-Phone smartphones, I-Pad tablet computers, iPod media player, Mac personal computer and various computer software and online App services. The first generation iPhone was released in 2007 followed by 3G, 3GS, 4, 4S, 5, 5S, 5C, 6S, 6Splus and the latest one is iPhone SE that has been released recently on 31 Mar 2016 (Sanchirico, n.d.). In this report, we will discuss the Marketing Strategy used by Apple iPhone before launch into the market and will survey the activities that were executed to make it a success. The company followed the same strategy before launching of all series of iPhones including current product SE and resulted in a successful product in almost all target markets (Capatina Draghescu, 2015). Situation Analysis Social - After the launch of the iPhone in the market, a survey was done among prior users, of Apple products to know about the market trend. 24% of 18 - 23-year-olds owned an I-Phone and 77% owned at least one apple product and were brand loyal (Capatina Draghescu, 2015). Target market included teenagers, businessmen, and high-end income earners. Legal - Apple Inc. follows labor laws during the manufacturing and distribution of its products. It also owns a privacy policy to stop its products being copied. All customers are protected under consumer laws and get a 1-year warranty on purchase of any Apple product. Economical - Apple Inc. has created jobs for many people across the world thus have large effects on many countries economies (Capatina Draghescu, 2015). Political - There are certain political issues line up against Apple Inc. For example, the debate over iBookstore and the allegations put by Obama against the company. Market and Competitor Analysis When the iPhone was launched in the market, there were few players operating in this industry. RIM and Palm were two of them which were posing as big competitors against Apple Inc. Palm was quite settled in the market but was facing issues regarding software and product usability. One of the major features of smartphones, web browsing, was not chartered by most of the competitors (Annan, 2005). Apple Inc. took advantage of this weak point and took a hold on the market with the launch of the first iPhone in 2007 with all the basic features that a smartphone could have. It was a full frontal attack that made this product popular among the target market. Apple Inc. had always been a customer-centered organization, but it didnt take much time to be a leader in the industry. SWOT Analysis Strengths - Repeat, referral and loyal customers - Brand Value - Quality customer service - Regular improvement of research and development team Weaknesses - Limited outside software uploads on I-phones - Update failures and product recall - No compliance with non-Apple products - Certain Law Suits Opportunities - New Retail stores launch - Mobile device and media expansion - Service stores launch in small markets Threats - Improvement in competitor products - Fast changing technology - Short product life cycle International Market Entry Strategy It is not easy to penetrate an already established market. The threats of entry include economies of scale in production and RD, Capital requirement, Product Differentiation, Distribution channel access and Government policies of the target markets. With the growing industry of smartphones, there are chances of more competitors addition. The strategy that an iPhone introduced to enter into new markets is a high-quality product with unique features (Chen, Shen, Chiu, 2007). It targeted only high-end market to sell higher-cost products. And the marketing strategy followed helped it to set up in new markets as a highly competitive established brand. Service centers to be opened in many countries and Apple retail stores to be introduced in new emerging markets like China and India. Future expansions in residential markets help generate more business and budget to expand in developing countries (Fletcher Brown, 2004). Consumer Analysis Product Attributes, Consequences of use, and personal values are the main factors that affect a consumer decision about any product. But product attributes are the reasons that may change and affect ones decision (Chen, Shen, Chiu, 2007). Apple Inc. introduced iPhone keeping this element in consideration. The outstanding applications, fast system, and brand name made the product popular among consumers and attracted a high volume of buyers. Segmentation and Target Market Demographic - Segmentation is done on the basis of age, gender, family size, income, education, and occupation, etc. are known as demographic segmentation. IPhone sales get affected by age, gender, profession, and the income of the buyer (Clapperton Corones, 2007). The target market is medium and high-end income groups. Teenagers and businessmen are the niche market. And men constitute a major target group. Psychographic - Social class is the base of such segmentation. People with different interests, opinions, and attitudes prefer to purchase different products. People who have an interest in high-tech products are target groups for iPhone. Use-related Segmentation - the market can be divided as per usage rate and brand awareness also (Clapperton Corones, 2007). Generally heavy and medium users prefer to buy iPhones to cater to their needs of a smartphone. Benefit Segmentation - different people get benefited differentiated from the same product. Some people accept iPhone due to its simplified systems, whereas others choose to buy it to maintain social status being it a market leader. Marketing Mix Marketing Mix is a combination of elements that campaign altogether to promote and sell a product in the market. Companies who plan to launch a brand or a new product under an existing brand in a new or existing market need to organize the launch effectively considering Marketing Mix Strategy (Clapperton Corones, 2007). The correct procedure and right marketing mix need to be structured before the introduction of any product or brand or it may result in failure of the product. Apple iPhone marketing mix signifies how the company counterpart its business activities with the target market conditions ("Apple Product Mix and Marketing Mix", 2014). The marketing mix strategy allows the firm to address market conditions efficiently and cater to the competitive landscape through the correct and appropriate study of product, price, distribution place and promotional activities ("Apple Product Mix and Marketing Mix", 2014). The target market for the I-phone remains teenagers, businessmen, and medium to high-income earners. As the segmentation has already been targeted, Apple Inc. designs iPhone keeping high standards and quality, exclusive phones with high expertise although at slightly higher prices. Product The product component of the marketing mix is an item that caters to the market demands. It can be a physical item, a service or maybe a virtual contribution. A product is designed keeping in mind the needs and demands of customers regarding the product design, packaging, size, usage, features, branding, and quality (Danish Xi, 2010). Every product should create value for the business. It should have some unique features to stand alone in the market. There should be a unique selling proposition (USP) to attract a majority. The product characteristics further follow other elements of the marketing mix. IPhone 6 is sixth recent released product in apple smartphones series. IPhone is a modified product of earlier phones with a large screen size and internal software up gradation (Goh Ryan, 2008). Apple does not compare iPhone with other smartphones, but is in competition with own products time to time. So, it can be said that iPhone does not enter into the competitive market based on the product. If we compare iPhone 6 with earlier phones, it can be concluded that it delivers a spacious screen, improved speed with wireless connections, better autofocus of camera, and storage capacity (Briggs, Krishnan, Borin, 2005). All the three things required by customers in a phone: design, features and performance are fulfilled by this phone. IPhone is a combination of a smart handheld phone and an iPod, which is designed with an internet connecting the device to surf web. IPhone features searching, web browsing, email, and maps compatible with both windows based computers and Mac. The synchronization function is automatic in this phone. It is a regular bar shaped phone available in different colors. Features: à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‹Å" Dimension: 138.1x67.0x6.9 mm à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‹Å" Display: 4.7 inches LED à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‹Å" Operating system: iOS 8 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‹Å" Memory: 16/64/128 GB The iOS operating system is the most vital obsession for people. The phone hardware designed is very compatible with the internal system that allows a smooth run of the phone with high processing speed. Exclusive Apps of this product also attract many customers. Itunes, apple store, safari, etc. are additional features that complement the product (Debruyne Reibstein, 2005). Other than this, an important step to be analyzed while a product launch is the stages of its lifecycle. Any product goes through four stages. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Introduction - It is an initial growth period, which generally remains slow following product launch. But in iPhone 6 case, it was much faster. The number of phones sold in first three days of its launch surpassed the record of Samsung phone sales in first 2 months. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Growth - It is a fast growth stage in the market when the product has been established successfully. This stage is what iPhone 6 has currently (Harries, Rettie, Studley, Burchell, Chambers, 2013). à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Maturity - This is the period when sales slow down as the product becomes omnipresent. The earlier models of the iPhone such as iPhone 5 and 5S are in this stage right now. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Decline - A downward sales period as product generally becomes obsolete or other better options replace the product in the market. For example, iPhone 4 and 4S. Price The pricing strategy followed by a company is the base of a marketing plan. It is the most important part as it is a support for all other elements of marketing mix strategy. This is the only element which generates an organizations turnover. Pricing is not an easy task as it must follow demand and supply ratio (Degree Pan Jooyoung Kwak, 2013). Costing too much or too low for a product may result in failure of the product. There are a number of pricing strategies available. But the strategy that a company adopts usually depends on upon the companys objective. While rolling out a product in the market, Apple chooses the pricing strategy very cleverly. IPhone is a premium product that targets high- end markets, so the company espoused Skimming Pricing strategy for this product ("Larry Ha, 2016). Under this approach, a marketer sets a high price for a product. The main objective of the company remains to earn a maximum profit before any substitute or competitive product appears in the market. Later on, the prices lower down drastically to attract the low-end buyers. The same trend is followed by iPhone in the market. It is of very high price in comparison to other products available in the market, but the niche market of Apple is very loyal to the company. The price of iPhone is generally determined by using the demand forces (Low Pittaway, 2008). The prices are decided in such a manner that the product dominates the market that too remaining profitable for the company. The price decreases as per product life cycle. Another interesting fact about iPhone pricing is that it never offers any discount. The discount offers are launched under few schemes like sales promotion or exchange offer. A standard price is followed and maintained all over the market. Place The place in the marketing mix is defined as the strategy adopted by an organization to make a product reach the customer. The distribution of the product to make it available to the customer is the main aim of place mix strategy. The distribution should be done at the right place at the right time with the least possible cost applicable keeping its quality intact. Effective distribution in an efficient manner is required for any organization to meet its marketing goal. If the product demand is under or over estimated, it may affect a companys profitability. Apple Inc. follows this stage very well. IPhone is functional in many nations and excellent service backup is also available in all of these countries. Apple Inc. aims at colossal roll out across the globe. All the major retailers online and retail phone showrooms have iPhone inventory (Maisch Meckel, 2009). The product display remains good that ensures the unique stand of the product. IPhones move from manufacturer to wholesaler and then further to the retailer, which can either be an Apple store or a certified online or store retailer. The phones are sold directly to customers at a fixed price. A number of products distributed to retailers depend on upon the demand generated from that particular area (Maisch Meckel, 2009). All the retailers get the product through distributors or through a carrying and forwarding agent, whereas Istores get products directly from the company. Apple also has a provision of corporate sales of iPhones. There is a separate corporate sales department t hat caters to these needs. Promotion The promotion element of marketing mix means the communication with customers about a products features and benefits. When the product and price get finalized, the next step is to tell customers about that new product. The steps taken to inform customers and to increase product awareness in the target market are called promotional strategies (Murray, 2008). The awareness can be increased by using various modes of promotion to increase sales and to create brand loyalty. Information provided during promotional activities helps the customer to decide about the purchase. The product can be promoted through advertising it to the target market in several ways, such as print media, television, the internet, mouth publicity, and spokesperson, etc. Before deciding on the roll out of an advertisement, it is necessary to research consumer pattern and choose the correct time to target maximum audience. The product features displayed during an advertisement should meet customers expectations. The re are different ways, by which a product can be promoted like public relations and sponsorship, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotions. But the advertisement option was chosen by Apple Inc. to promote the iPhone. IPhone promotion is generally done through television advertisements, billboards, and online ads. The ad is designed considering demands of all markets. (Reder, 2009) There are sample phones available in all stores to allow customers to check and trial the phones before deciding on the purchase. The advertisement needs to be repeated at regular intervals and ensure its rolling out for a long time to ensure good sales. Advertisement is also aired in two platforms: ATL (Above the line) and BTL (Below the line) ATL Platform - there are various advertising methods used for iPhone promotion. Some of those are full front page advertisements for a product launch, radio and television advertisements. IPhone is displayed everywhere on each ATL platform to target the premium segment of the market. Maximum promotions are done in ATL segments (Ritter, 2014). BTL Platform - Hoardings and Point of sale advertisements in the retail outlets are methods used by companies to promote iPhone at BTL platform. Few sale promotions and exchange offers are being offered to customers via BTL marketing. IPhone 6S was advertised for older iPhone users through pop-up messages in the App store. This is an example of direct marketing. This product was launched with a tagline I-Phone 6S is here and the only thing thats changed is everything. The TV and online advertisements include the services of celebrities also (Sigal, 2016). Ads featuring movie actor Jamie Foxx and basketball star Steph Curry expressed the power of iPhone 6S and 6S plus were displayed for quite a long time on YouTube channel. One ad demonstrated the hands-free use of Siri to make this feature familiar with customers. One major factor about iPhone promotion strategy is that Apple does not advertise its products alone, but make the retailers and stores advertise that they are selling iPhones. Operators get benefits of stock distribution when they advertise about Apple products following the rules decided by Apple Inc. Economic Evaluation - AT the launch of iPhone 6, economists forecasted strong demand of the product with almost 71.5 Million iPhone sales in the last quarter of 2014 and drop to 50 Million units in the first quarter of 2015 (West Mace, 2010). - IPhone 6S was predicted to be sold double in numbers than iPhone 6S plus - During the maturity stage of the product currently in 2016, sales increase has been forecasted due to a decrease in product price and the introduction of promotional offers. - Revenue of $265 to $285 million from the sale of 6S and 6S plus (West Mace, 2010). Implementation, Evaluation, and Control Implementation and control are vital parts of the marketing plan. Execution of the steps as planned is very important to make the entire process a success. Starting from running ads to distribute product at right time at the right place is crucial. The evaluation process includes a regular check of qualitative and quantitative aspects associated with strategy and implementation. To check the data and make sure that the company has achieved its objective results in a successful product (Edwards, 2010). Control is important to process evaluation. Control set up during marketing plan introduction decides how to evaluate plans to achieve companys goals. Marketing budget and shares are included in the control process. Apple Inc. is a successful company and there are separate teams to keep track of proper evaluation during implementation and control process. Action Plan and Budget - Total operating expenses, including selling, administrative, research and development, and other general expenses are increasing by 18% every year. - Net sales are increased by 5%-10% every year - IPhone sales are increasing 12%-20% every year - Advertising expenses for FY 2014 are approx $ 1.2 Billion Monitoring and Control Mechanism Marketing activities need to be checked several times to determine if they will yield desired results or not. Any particular plan should repeat at regular intervals to check its success and should be analyzed properly before canceling or introducing a new plan (Evens, 2005). Few things should be considered before taking any decision: External factors - Economic shifts, competitor moves, economy dips etc. Cost Benefits - Calculate internal costs and take calculative risks Feedback - reliable feedback mechanism, effectiveness measures Long-term Perspective - Calculate and forecast long-term profitability Conclusion In this report, we have studied in details about a market plan that needs to be analyzed, evaluate and implement before the launch of any new product of an existing brand. We have taken iPhone as our target product and have studied about factors that influence any new product, market and competitor analysis, and SWOT analysis. Other than this, we have discussed various segmentation and target market strategies. The marketing mix strategy was main motive of this report. Implementation of strategy has also been described considering the evaluation and control mechanisms. Budget and forecasting have also been done. 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Marketing communication strategies in support of product launch: An empirical study of Taiwanese high-tech firms.Industrial Marketing Management,36(8), 1046-1056. Clapperton, D. Corones, S. (2007). Technological tying of the Apple iPhone: Unlawful in Australia?.QUT Law Review,7(2). Danish, M. Xi, H. (2010). Operating system development with ATS: work in progress.ACM SIGPLAN Notices,44(11), 6. Debruyne, M. Reibstein, D. (2005). Competitor See, Competitor Do: Incumbent Entry in New Market Niches.Marketing Science,24(1), 55-66. Edwards, C. (2010). The killer iPhone. How Apple designed its new model to be sweet to customers an vicious to rivals.Strategic Direction,26(11). Evens, T. (2005). Some Ontological Implications of Situational Analysis.Social Analysis,49(3). Fletcher, R. Brown, L. (2004).International Marketing. Pearson Education UK. Goh, S. Ryan, P. (2008). The organizational performance of learning companies.The Learning Organization,15(3), 225-239. Harries, T., Rettie, R., Studley, M., Burchell, K., Chambers, S. (2013). Is social norms marketing effective?.European Journal Of Marketing,47(9), 1458-1475. Larry Ha: Introduction Situational Analysis of Apple Iphone. (2016).Larryha.blogspot.in. Retrieved 26 May 2016, from https://larryha.blogspot.in/2011/11/introduction-situational-analysis-of.html Low, D. Pittaway, A. (2008). The iPhone induction a novel use for the Apple iPhone.Pediatric Anesthesia,18(6), 573-574. Maisch, B. Meckel, M. (2009). Innovationskommunikation 2.0 Das Beispiel Apple iPhone.Thexis,26(2), 42-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11621-009-0031-8 Murray, D. (2008). iReference: Using Apple's iPhone as a Reference Tool.The Reference Librarian,49(2), 167-170. Reder, M. (2009). Case Study of Apple, Inc. for Business Law Students: How Apple's Business Model Controls Digital Content Through Legal and Technological Means.Journal Of Legal Studies Education,26(1), 185-209. Ritter, S. (2014). Apple's Research Kit Development Framework for Iphone Apps Enables Innovative Approaches to Medical Research Data Collection.Journal Of Clinical Trials,05(02). Sanchirico, C. As American as Apple Inc.: International Tax and Ownership Nationality.SSRN Electronic Journal. Sigal, M. (2016).Apple's segmentation strategy, and the folly of conventional wisdom - O'Reilly Radar.Radar.oreilly.com. Retrieved 26 May 2016, from https://radar.oreilly.com/2010/09/apple-segmentation-strategy-an.html West, J. Mace, M. (2010). Browsing as the killer app: Explaining the rapid success of Apple's iPhone.Telecommunications Policy,34(5-6), 270-286. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2009.12.002 Degree Pan Jooyoung Kwak,. (2013). A Case Study on Proprietary Standard Success :Lessons from Strategic Approaches of Apple's iPhone.The Knowledge Management Society Of Korea,14(3), 37-54.

Structural Transformation in The Rise of Silas Lapham free essay sample

An examination of William Dean Howells novel The Rise of Silas Lapham. This paper analyzes the structural symmetry of the opening and closing scenes in The Rise of Silas Lapham by William Dean Howells in order to demonstrate the moral change that Silas Lapham has undergone. The author uses the opening and closing interviews to explore the deeper aspects of Silas morality and identity. The author also makes use of various critical reviews. The structural symmetry, which appears in the opening and closing scenes in The Rise of Silas Lapham, provides a lens through which the true transformation of Silas Lapham can be viewed. The two scenes, which both involve an interview with Colonel Lapham concerning his solidity, mirror each other in order to demonstrate the moral change that Silas has undergone. The novel is an exchange between beginnings and endings, for Silas must eventually fall in order to rise. The financial risen but morally fallen man portrayed in the opening interview becomes the morally risen but financially fallen man in the closing interview. We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Transformation in The Rise of Silas Lapham or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, as Wai-Chee Dimock states in , The Economy of Pain, What makes Laphams fictive trajectory possible is a crucial and animating process of exchange: an exchange between beginnings and endings, between what he starts out with and what he ends up with (Dimock 82-83). Given this perspective, it is then essential to analyze Laphams transformation through the parallel exchange between the opening and closing scenes.

Three advantages of regulatory oversight for Gardasil to the health care provider

Acts as a good source of financial returns to health care providers The idea of Gardasil reveals importance of information and data sharing amongst regulatory authorities. There is higher percentage of individuals going for the vaccine; mothers encourage their daughters to go for the vaccine in order to escape the possibility of developing cervical cancer in future. This yields good returns to health care providers since they generate a lot of money out of such ignorance. Therefore, oversight of regulatory on Gardasil vaccine seems to be concerned more on marketing and influence than on the scientific effectiveness of the vaccine (Erickson, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Three advantages of regulatory oversight for Gardasil to the health care provider specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It gives the health care providers the benefits of prescribing drug coverage to many individuals Gardasil vaccine has been marketed for a long time as one of the vaccines having the capability of preventing cervical cancer. However, an oversight was discovered in assessing its efficacy. The vaccine is considered as one of the primary treatment against cervical cancer instead of being one of the intervening vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases. Gardasil vaccine can only sustain not more than four years clinical trial, this makes it unsuitable for use in the prevention of cervical cancer which develops within longer periods of time (Erickson, 2011). Concerning the above, health care providers gain the benefits of prescribing drug coverage and emergency care services. This is since Gardasil vaccine serves only a small percentage on the purposes of preventive care. Patients are eligible to visit any participating doctor or medical specialist for further direction on the use of Gardasil vaccine. This means that payments are made to individual care givers for the purposes of consultation. I f they choose to deal with outside health care providers, they still benefit but at higher share cost (Erickson, 2011). The health care providers have the advantage of administering the vaccine to women including young children who are not yet sexually active There is also the concept of risk-benefit balance which cannot change regarding Gardasil vaccine; this is attributed to insufficient information given about the drug. Vaccines are usually administered not to sick but healthy persons for prevention purposes. This makes it clear that the levels of uncertainity from the drug are expected to be minimal, hence presenting low level of risks to individuals. This is one of the ways through which health care providers benefit since they understand that though the vaccine might not be of greater benefit, its side effects on individuals can be tolerated (Milenkovic, 2004). Gardasil vaccine is administered against sexually transmitted diseases to even young children, an idea that is genera lly considered unwise. This age group of less than twelve years is most likely targeted for the purposes of the spreading phobia on the dangers of the disease, and at the same time maximizing on vaccine sales. All these activities surrounding the vaccine are not in any way scientifically valid. Administering the vaccine on young children has not been approved compared to other age groups; this is because cervical cancer is only prevalent amongst sexually active adults.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gardasil vaccine is meant to prevent cervical cancer in women, however the current statistics also reveal that the disease is already uncommon in women, at the same time vaccines more effective than Gardasil are already present within the market. However, Gardasil presents health care providers with alternative means that is cheaper (Ayoub, 2003). The oversight by regulato ry agencies makes majority of the adult women to fall candidates of Gardasil vaccination, this is since women are encouraged to go for vaccination before HPV infection is established. This oversight has however led to breaking of moral rules safeguarding the field on healthcare, since health care providers consider the vaccine good idea even before undergoing efficacy tests (Ayoub, 2003). References Ayoub, D. (2003). What is wrong with the HPV vaccine mandate in Illinois? Illinois: Springfield Erickson, N. (2011). Gardasil vaccination: Evaluating the risks versus benefits. Retrieved from https://sanevax.org/ Milenkovic, M. (2004). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Statistical Brief.  Web. This research paper on Three advantages of regulatory oversight for Gardasil to the health care provider was written and submitted by user Victor Bean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on 1950s

Politics:During the fifties and what was the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under the presidency of Truman and Eisenhower. When WWII ended, Americans were left in the hands of Harry Truman. Truman, known as an aggressive Cold War fighter, led Americans against the rise of Communism. During Truman’s time in office the United States would join South Korea in the war against North Korea. Truman would also order the Atomic Energy Committee to develop the hydrogen bomb. You could say Truman went out with a bang as he fired General Douglas MacArthur and sent more U.S. troops to a war that would end with nothing accomplished but dead bodies. General Dwight D. Eisenhower would later step in as president in 1953. As the United States President, Eisenhower or Ike, as the world liked to call him, brought a rush of optimism and better days. Ike did the best job possible to heal the political wounds created during the Truman era. Culture:It was a wonderful time to be alive. After the grim years of the depression the fifties brought a wave of happiness and good times. Girls could be found playing hopscotch, jacks, jumping rope or trying their skill at the hula hoop. Boys played cowboys and Indians. The poodle skirt and pony tail were the usual attire for the girls. The guys on the other hand showed their attitudes with blue jeans worn like James Dean. As far as music wentElvis Presley rocked the fifties with his music hits and good looks. Marilyn Monroe was a premier sex symbol of the decade. The new excitement of this decade brought expansion and created new jobs as Americans began spending money on luxuries and other things besides their basic needs.... Free Essays on 1950s Free Essays on 1950s Politics: During the fifties and what was the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under the presidency of Truman and Eisenhower. When WWII ended, Americans were left in the hands of Harry Truman. Truman, known as an aggressive Cold War fighter, led Americans against the rise of Communism. During Truman’s time in office the United States would join South Korea in the war against North Korea. Truman would also order the Atomic Energy Committee to develop the hydrogen bomb. You could say Truman went out with a bang as he fired General Douglas MacArthur and sent more U.S. troops to a war that would end with nothing accomplished but dead bodies. General Dwight D. Eisenhower would later step in as president in 1953. As the United States President, Eisenhower or Ike, as the world liked to call him, brought a rush of optimism and better days. Ike did the best job possible to heal the political wounds created during the Truman era. Culture: It was a wonderful time to be alive. After the grim years of the depression the fifties brought a wave of happiness and good times. Girls could be found playing hopscotch, jacks, jumping rope or trying their skill at the hula hoop. Boys played cowboys and Indians. The poodle skirt and pony tail were the usual attire for the girls. The guys on the other hand showed their attitudes with blue jeans worn like James Dean. As far as music wentElvis Presley rocked the fifties with his music hits and good looks. Marilyn Monroe was a premier sex symbol of the decade. The new excitement of this decade brought expansion and created new jobs as Americans began spending money on luxuries and other things besides their basic needs....

Employee's Role in Employee Development Assignment

Employee's Role in Employee Development - Assignment Example Because the subject of employee development is a shared responsibility, it cannot be expected that there will be a single person within the organization who will take the whole responsibility for ensuring that the objectives that are set are met (Ellis, K. (2004). This means that the responsibility of ensuring the achievement of the objectives must be shared between employees and the management. Whiles employees are expected to act as direct respondents to the objectives set, the management has a responsibility of acting as facilitators of the objectives. This situation is actually expected to apply for both short term and long term objectives. As facilitators, the management is expected to provide employees with every needed resource to fulfill the objectives. In terms of the measurability of the objectives also, shared responsibility is expected to be shared between employees and management. Based on previous experience, it has always been the case that whereas employees want easier objectives, managers look for more challenging objectives. To strike a balance, it is always important that there will be an effective liaising system between employees and managers so that each side will understand the other in terms of accounting for measurable

What are the factor causing the record low of 0.3% inflation and what Essay

What are the factor causing the record low of 0.3% inflation and what are the consequnces - Essay Example Lower prices may also be caused by change in structure of capital markets and decrease in currency supply. Thus factors causing the record low of 0.3% mainly emerge from the fall in prices of widely consumed products or services such as motor fuels and food. A fall in price for the two is the main cause of this extremely low inflation level. This has been observed recently in UK. â€Å"The rate of UK consumer prices Index inflation fell to 0.3% in January; its lowest level since records began. Cheaper petrol and lower food prices helped by a supermarket price war-cut the rate from 0.5% in December† (BBC NEWS). Extreme fall in prices, deflation, results into reduced business revenue. Businesses must significantly reduce the prices of their products in order to stay competitive. As they reduce their prices, their revenue starts to drop. Besides, deflation may cause wage cutbacks and layoffs. Drop in revenue of companies forces them to reduce their expenditure to meet their bottom line. One of the possible ways to cut the expenses is by reducing wages and cutting positions. Additionally, extreme fall in inflation level may increase purchasing power (BBC NEWS). Consumers may substantially take advantage of the lower prices by increasing their

Chromatography Experiment Essay Example for Free

Chromatography Experiment Essay Aim: To identify different unknown amino acids, within given substances. Apparatus: List 1 List 2 * 2 test tubes * Test tube rack * 2 bungs * 2 pins * 5 known amino acids: * Proline * Leucine * Lycine * Asparagine * Arginine * 1 unknown amino acid * Paper Chromatography * Paper Solvent * Pencil * Ruler * Tweezers * Paper Towel * Pipette * Ninhydrin * Incubator * Scissors * 1 Jam Jar * Treated Orange Juice * Untreated Orange Juice * TLC * TLC Solvent * Pencil * Ruler * Tweezers * Pipette * Paper Towel * Ninhydrin * Incubator Diagram 1: Diagram 2: Method (Part 1): * Cut 2 strips of paper chromatography using tweezers and scissors while resting on paper towel * Measure 1cm from bottom of strip and draw a line across * Draw a cross in the centre of this line * Attach a pin to the top of the chromatography paper, and put pin in bung * Place inside test tube, and measure 5mm from where the bottom of the paper lies, draw a line across the test tube * Do the same with both strips * On the cross put 10 drops of a known amino acid, wait for each drop to dry in between * On other strip put 10 drops of unknown amino acid * Pour paper solvent into both test tubes up to line drawn * Put bung in both test tubes, let solvent work its way up chromatography paper * When near top of paper, take out, and draw line across where solvent has reached. Method (Part 2): * Place TLC on paper towel, draw line across at 1cm from bottom * Draw 2 crosses each 1/4 way across line * On 1st cross put 10 drops of treated orange juice, letting each drop dry in between * On second dot put 10 drops of untreated orange juice * Pour TLC solvent into bottom of jam jar * Using tweezers place TLC into jam jar * Let TLC soak up solvent * When nearly at top take out and draw solvent line across Method (Part 3): * Take the results of method part 1 and 2 and spray all with ninhydrin spray * Place in incubator until amino acids can be seen * Draw lines across where colours end, and work out Rf values for all lines Results Chromatograms: Results Table: Rf value = distance moved by solvent / distance moved by solvent front My Results Solvent Front Substance Front Rf value Treated Orange 4.6 1.8, 2.8, 3.3 0.39, 0.61, 0.72 Untreated Orange 4.7 0.5, 2.0, 2.6, 3.0 0.11, 0.43, 0.55, 0.64 Leucine 7.9 4.7 0.59 Unknown 7.0 4.2, 4.8 0.60, 0.69 Class Results Calculated Rf value Average Actual Rf Proline 0.76 0.87 0.82 0.48 Leucine 0.79 0.59 0.69 0.73 Lycine 0.41 0.45 0.43 0.14 Asparagine 0.26 0.54 0.40 Arginine 0.53 0.53 0.2 Conclusion and Evaluation: From these results I can say that in the unknown substance, were two amino acids, and from what my results tell me, I can predict that they were Arginine and Leucine. The Treated orange juice appeared to have three amino acids in it, my results tell me that these are Asparagine, Arginine and Leucine. The untreated Orange Juice seemed to have four unknown amino acids, my results tell me that these were Asparagine, Lycine, Arginine and Leucine. I could tell this as I matched up the Rf values with the ones that seemed to be the closest match. I know that these results were not that accurate as I know the Rf values for four of them. For Proline the real Rf value is 0.48, but our class results got 0.76 and 0.87 with an average of 0.82. This is clearly wrong. Therefore anything that I have predicted to have Proline in, might not have it in. For Leucine the real Rf value is 0.73, and our class results are 0.79 and 0.59 with an average of 0.69. This is a very close result, so it is quite accurate. So it is likely that if I have predicted it to have Leucine in it, it probably does. For Lycine the real Rf value is 0.14, and our class values are 0.41 and 0.45, with and average of 0.43. This is not a very good match. From this I can tell that anything I have said to have Lycine in it, probably does not have it in. For Arginine the real Rf value is 0.2, and we only have one class result for that and it is 0.53 which is clearly wrong. This shows us that anything I have predicted to have Arginine in, probably wont. For Asparagine, we are not sure of the real Rf value, so I can not tell if our results are right, but guessing from the rest not being accurate, it probably is not. Saying this, not only could our results from the known amino acids be wrong, but also so could our results from the unknown amino acids, and the treated and untreated Orange Juice. This tells me that our results could have been wrong on both accounts, and so could possibly be right! We can not be sure, but we do know that the results for the known amino acids were not as accurate as they should have been. These errors could be down to a number of things. Firstly if we had touched the paper chromatography or TLC at any time we would have left our own amino acids on it, and so our experiment would have been inaccurate. It was very hard not to touch either of these while cutting, or moving to place in test tubes or in jars. It could have been very easy to accidentally touch it, thus messing up the experiment. Another way these errors could have occurred could have been down to making the amino acid drop too big, due to not waiting until it is dry enough to put another drop on. This would have meant that when put in the solvent, the dot would have been emerged in it, and made our results inaccurate. Another way an error could have occurred could be not making the dots as concentrated as they should have been, not counting enough drops of the amino acid onto the paper or TLC. This would have changed our results. Another way would be if when put in the solvent the test tube or jar moved, and splashed the paper or TLC, making the solvent front longer then it should have been, so our calculations would be inaccurate. Another way could be putting too much TLC or Paper solvent into the jar or test tube, thus emerging the dot, making more inaccuracies. If the paper chromatography had been touching the side of the test tube while the solvent was working its way up, then this would have made our results inaccurate as well. All of these errors would make our results inaccurate and less reliable. One way of making our results more accurate would be to get rid of all these errors, which is very difficult as there are so many errors that could be made during this experiment. If I were to do this experiment again, I would start by wearing some rubber gloves, so that if I did touch the paper it would not matter as much. The second thing I would change would to be more accurate when putting the dots on the paper or TLC, making sure that they are dry properly, and that they do not spread too far. Another improvement I would make would be to make sure the paper was not touching the side of the tube, to not move the tube once the paper is in, and to make sure I draw my lines as accurate as I can. Also when I measure them, I will be more precise so that my results will be a lot more accurate then they were this time round.

Threat To India Or Economic Need Of China

Threat To India Or Economic Need Of China I have always thought that it is important, even essential, that these two countries of Asia, India and China, should have friendly and, as far as possible co-operative relations. It would be a tragedy, not only for India, and possibly for China, but for Asia and the whole world, if they develop some kind of permanent hostility  [1]   Jawahar Lal Nehru India and China have laid the ghost of the 1962 war to rest, and have turned their faces to the future. Prem Shankar Jha INTRODUCTION For more than 60 years, Pakistan and India and have been arguing and periodically coming to blows over one of the most beautiful places in the world i.e. Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK). India, Pakistan and China are in possession of various parts of Jammu Kashmir. China-Pakistan relations have always been a matter of concern for India, however due to the increased involvement of China in POK the matter has worsened further. With presence of an estimated 11,000 soldiers of the Peoples Liberation Army in POK, one can confidently state about the growing foot-prints of China in POK  [2]  . This prompted views among many Indian military and political leaders and journalists that Islamabad is handing over the de-facto control of the strategic Gilgit-Baltistan region of POK to China. Further it is believed that as the years proceed, Pakistan will emerge as an instrument of Chinas force projection into South Asia.  [3]   With this as background, it is imperative to examine and understand Chinas interests and strategy in POK as these developments hold large significance for Indias security interests. INDIA CHINA RELATIONS India and China are two of the oldest civilizations of the world and in spite of the present economic, political and military environment and compulsions, these two countries have a long history of friendly relations. However, since 1913-14 Shimla Conference, the Sino-Indian border as part of the issue of Tibets status has been a matter of dispute in relations between the two countries and has resulted in military conflicts. Presently the renewed tensions between the two countries have been dominating diplomacy with issues like Chinas refusal of visa to a top Indian Army General and aggressive Chinese intrusions across the LAC. Pakistan Chinas strategic equation with Pakistan is another issue which is a hindrance to any meaningful improvement in Indias relations with China. China has been the biggest supplier of military hardware to Pakistan, some of which is made available to Kashmiri militants. The increasing involvement and presence of Chinese soldiers in POK has raised concerns in India. Economic A strategic partnership was announced by China and India in 2005 and both countries have in recent years successfully attempted to reignite diplomatic and economic ties and consequently, the two countries relations have become closer. Presently, China is Indias largest trading partner and has recently changed its stance on Indias bid seat at UNSC. This is viewed as beginning of a maturity period in Sino-Indian relations. CHINAS ECONOMIC GROWTH In 1949, Chinas economic system changed to a communist system and as Chinas contribution in world trade has grown; its importance to the international economy has also increased. China is the worlds second largest economy after the United States by purchasing power parity and is the worlds fastest-growing economy. Unequal Regional Development Deng Xiaoping, orchestrated Chinas reform and opening-up 30 years ago, once said that some areas must get rich before others.  [4]  This was due to the countrys massive scale, the economic development could not happen all at once across China. Planning and implementation of such an economy would take years, even decades and some areas would inevitably be developed before others and thus coastal regions of China were the best place to place to start, due to the natural advantage of access to Asian and overseas markets via the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea.  [5]  The two areas which benefited most from this economic strategy of China were the Yangtze River Delta region in the East and Pearl River Delta region in the South.  [6]   West China the New Economic Story Chinas unequal transportation system, combined with differences in the availability of resources (natural and human) and industrial infrastructure has resulted in large variations in the regional economies of China. Although Chinas coastal regions continue to develop, the initial boom has already slowed.  [7]  Furthermore, foreign investors are beginning to grow weary of the increasing costs of doing business in cities like Shanghai and Shenzhen.  [8]  Therefore, now both domestic and international businesses are looking towards the interior of the country, where overhead costs are lower. Chinas Western region will emerge as the most interesting economic development story of the coming decade. This Western region comprises of 28% of Chinas population and 70% of its landmass and presently it also accounts for 17% of the countrys GDP, but surely this is set to change for the better.  [9]   In 2001, the Chinese government implemented its Western Development Strategy also known as the Go West policy. The plan called for large infrastructure development in urban and rural areas. The main components of the strategy included the development of infrastructure (transport, hydropower plants, energy and telecommunications), enticement of foreign investment, increased efforts on ecological protection (such as reforestation), retention of talent flowing to richer provinces and promotion of education. The Western Development Bureau affiliated to the state, had released a list of 10 major projects in 2008, with a combined budget of 436 billion Yuan which included projects like, new railway lines connecting Guiyang and Guangzhou, Lanzhou and Chongqing, Kashgar and Hotan in Xinjiang; highways between Wanyuan and Dazhou in Sichuan Province, Shuikou and Duyun in Guizhou Province and airport expansion projects in Chengdu, Chongqing and Xian.  [10]  They also include building of hydropower stations, coal mines, gas and oil transmission lines and also public utilities projects in the western region. By the end of 2007, China had started 92 key construction projects in Western region, with a total investment of more than 1.3 trillion Yuan. The Big Western Line, also known as the South-North water transfer project, is another project being planned to be undertaken for diverting water from six rivers in Southwestern China to the dry areas of Northern China through a system of tunnels, reservoirs and rivers. A robust growth is already in place in the West, reaching 11.9% in the last year.   Over the past 10 years, the railway capacity has increased by 160%, Highway capacity by 280% and the energy capacity by 550%.  [11]  Fixed investment of West was 3,600 billion Yuan and per capita gross domestic product rose to 1,933 dollars per year in 2008, which is just 41.9% compared to the per capita GDP of East. In early July 2010, China announced fresh investments to the tune of 100 billion dollars for 23 infrastructure projects to promote rapid and healthy development of western areas.  [12]   CHINAS ECONOMIC SECURITY Chinas spectacular economic growth is largely responsible for its rising energy demands. While energy production in China sharply increased since 1980, consumption exceeded production by the end of the 1990s and the gap between consumption and production is continuing. Chinas natural gas supply is even more limited than oil. The IEA 2006, forecasts that Chinas oil import will increase five folds by 2030 from slightly less than 2 MMBD in 2002 to 10 MMBD, when imports will account for 80% of Chinas total oil needs. Moreover, as in the rest of Asia, China will become heavily dependent on the Persian Gulf (70% of oil by 2015) for future supplies and its oil will increasingly have to transit a series of vulnerable maritime choke points.  [13]  The constant and safe importation of oil has become a crucial issue in Chinas energy sector. SINO- PAK ECONOMIC NEXUS Gwadar Port Pakistan inaugurated its third deep sea port at Gwadar in 2005 and it became operational in 2008. Work for phase II, at estimated cost of US $ 932 million is in progress for building nine additional berths (including two oil terminals with capacity of 2, 00,000 DWT ships). Other then the economic and military advantages to Pakistan it is important to examine Chinas role and strategic interest in this project. It is widely claimed that there is Chinese interest in reaching the blue waters of Arabian Sea.  [14]  This is considered to be a strategic move by Chinese as they funded US $ 198 million (out of the total Phase I cost of US $ 248 million) and also provided 450 engineers onsite. Towards success of Chinas Go West policy, Gwadar provides access to a port at just 1500 km as compared to the Eastern ports at 3000 km for the products produced in Western China. Gwadar is the ideal transit corridor for China to import oil and gas from Iran and the Persian Gulf. It offers an alternative route which is safer and cheaper as compared to the Strait of Malacca, where China faces problems of piracy and is under US sphere of influence. In Oct 2010, Pakistan government also decided to build a connecting gas pipeline from Gwadar to Xinjiang, China.  [15]   Official sources confirm that an understanding has already developed at highest levels between Pakistan and China that the Gwadar port is to be taken from the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) and handed over to the Chinese. The port should have gone to the Chinese, who built it largely from their own investment, in the first place, says Baloch nationalist Rauf Khan Sasoli, who accuses former President Pervez Musharraf of giving it to the PSA to please his American masters.  [16]  This will result in not only transfer of power at the Gwadar port but will also allow Chinese to build Gwadar as tax-free industrial center, including oil and gas refineries and a network of roads and railways from Gwadar to China through the ancient silk route. An ambitious deal to build railways along the Khunjrab pass has already been signed between Pakistan.  [17]   There is another thought to this project where Gwadar is considered as the Naval base for the Chinese as part of its String of Pearls strategy and providing defence to its oil movement as part of energy security. However, China had always denied that Gwadar will be used by Chinese military. Pakistan occupied Kashmir The geopolitics amongst China, Pakistan and India has been under the influence of development in POK. The building of the Karakorum Highway proved to be a turning point and was instrumental in strengthening the Sino-Pakistan strategic relations. The Karakorum highway was constructed by Chinese engineers and was completed in 1986. It connects Chinas region of Xinjiang with Gilgit-Baltistan. China and Pakistan had signed a deal in 2006 to widen the Karakoram highway by almost 20 meters wherein China had promised US$ 350 million for the project and once the project is completed, the transport capacity of the strategically significant region will increase significantly which will facilitate Chinas free access to the oil-rich Gulf through the Pakistani port of  Gwadar.  [18]  Thus, it may be visualized that the Gwadar port will be an integral part of Chinas Foreign Trade route in future.   In return for Chinese assistance in the building the highway, Pakistan ceded the Trans-Karakorum Tract to China.  [19]  Since then, it has been a constant source of supply of arms, ammunition and nuclear material to Pakistan from China and other countries like North Korea. Apart from this, goods manufactured in China have crept into Pakistan on a massive scale due to this highway. The Sino-Pak collaboration in hydro-power projects in the POK region including controversial Diamer Bhasha Dam on the Indus River is also a matter of concern for India. During Zardaris visit to China in 2009, the two sides signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on construction of a hydro-power station at Bunji, in the Astore district of POK, with the agreement to construct the hydro power project (7000 MW) on build, operate and transfer basis, which means that all the investment ($ 6-7 billion) will be made by Chinese entrepreneurs.  [20]  Further, there were agreements for cooperation in fisheries, agriculture, education, dams and investment. China has contributed substantially to the rehabilitation and rebuilding projects in POK after the devastating earthquake of Oct 2005. These investments have helped China strengthen its control over POK. China has also encashed on the deprivation and alienation of people in POK both at political and social level. The Karakorum highway has helped in providing the necessary support during the rebuilding and trading opportunities for people of POK. It has been reported that of an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 soldiers of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army are in POK. Many of the PLA soldiers entering Gilgit-Baltistan are expected to work on the railroad and some are extending the Karakoram Highway, others are working on dams, expressways and other projects. In a way, these developments in POK brings out that, since Pakistan Army is unable to handle multiple conflicts, thus it apparently gave the Chinese army de facto control over Gilgit and Baltistan regions. For China, it is a win-win situation, as it stands to gain unfettered road and rail access to the Middle East through Pakistan.  [21]  The map of karakorum highway is shown below for better appricaition of the situation and its impoartance for Western Chinas economic growth. Karakoram Highway Map Karakorum Highway AN ALTERNATE VIEW TO INDO-CHINA RELATIONS China has finally moved away from Deng Xiaopings principle of hide your strength, bide your time so as to adopt a more proactive role in international affairs. The transformation that China is currently undergoing is clearly visible. Its changes in the socio-political and legal conditions confirm that the regime has changed away from the label of authoritarianism. The course of making decisions and strategy has slowly become decentralised and actors like media, think tanks, academic institutes/ university and voluntary associations and interest groups constitute major linkages between the government, its mechanism and the governed.  [22]   Visit of the Indian External Affairs Minister to China in 1999 marked the resumption of high-level dialogue. The joint declaration signed during the visit of Indian Prime Minister to China in June 2003 stated that China was not a threat to India.  [23]  Special representatives were appointed by the China and India in order to provide thrust to border negotiations. India also acknowledged Chinas sovereignty over Tibet and pledged not to allow anti-China political activities in India. On its part, China had acknowledged Indias 1975 annexation of the former monarchy of Sikkim and later rectified official maps to include Sikkim as part of India.  [24]  India and China are in the second stage of exploring the framework of a final package settlement covering all aspects of the India-China boundary dispute, which will be followed by the final stage of delineation and demarcation of boundary.  [25]   Convergence of Interests India and China have found substantial convergence of interests at the international level wherein they both share similar concerns about the growing international dominance of the US, the threat of terrorism disguised as religious and ethnic movements and the need to accord primacy to economic development. Both nations also favour more democratic international economic regimes.  [26]  They have strongly resisted efforts by the US and other developed nations to link global trade to labour and environmental standards. China and India put forward a joint Sino-Indian position in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and International trade negotiations. Chinas Neutrality Towards Indo- Pak Relations There has been a subtle shift in Beijings stance on Pakistan vis-à  -vis India. Chinas neutral position during the Kargil conflict, during Indo-Pak crisis following the terrorist attack on the Indias Parliament and during Mumbai terrorist attack is seen as sincere attempts of Chinas to improve ties. Towards Chinas attempts to project itself as a responsible regional player, it is supporting peace and anti-terrorist efforts in South Asia by cooperating with the India and US. China is also seen to be instrumental in encouraging Pakistan to negotiate with India by using its linfluence over Pakistan. On, 02 Dec 1996, when Jiang Zemin famously advised the Pakistani senators to set aside the Kashmir problem and improve their relationship with India, he thereby decisively distanced China from the Kashmir imbroglio.  [27]   Bilateral Trade As India and China have found a distinct convergence of their interests on world stage, they have used it to strengthen their bilateral relations on social, military and economic front. Prime Minister Manmohan Singhs government had made it clear that it favoured closer ties with China and would continue to work towards improving and strengthening bilateral relations with China. Among the most encouraging developments in India-China ties is the rapid increase in bilateral trade. A few years ago, India Inc had a fear of being swamped by Chinese imports, whereas today, it is estimated that the bilateral trade between the two countries will grow by 20 per cent to reach beyond $60 billion in 2010-11 from the present US $ 50 billion. Political Initiatives Chinese premier Wen Jiabao told Manmohan Singh during the Indian Prime Ministers visit to China in Jan 2008, that there was enough space for China and India and the two leaders resolve to promote building of a harmonious world of durable peace and common prosperity through developing the Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity between the two countries. China and India also cemented a shared vision for the 21st century by agreeing to raise the annual volume of bilateral trade to $ 60 billion by 2010 and to play role in transforming Asia and the World. In 2009, China and India witnessed frequent high-level interactions. Chinese President Hu Jintao held talks with Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) summits in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Premier Wen Jiabao interacted with Manmohan Singh at the East Asia Summit in Thailand and the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference.  [28]   CHINAS PRESENCE IN PAKISTAN NOT A THREAT TO INDIA China and India know that any conflict would have devastating effect on both countries, because of the nuclear threat and thus the ability to co-operate and solve disputes through diplomacy is in the interest of both countries. India is continuing to improve its relations with China on the convergence of interests that the two nations have achieved in recent years. In respect to Indo-Chinese cooperation it is noted that while they are rivals, they are not enemies and that they knew how to work together with common interests in mind which is exemplified by their burgeoning trade relationship and the potential to work together on a number of key issues, such as terrorism, drug trafficking, global trade and climate change.  [29]   China is presently busy in Xinjiang region trying to calm the Uighur separatist movement, it is trying its best to hold Tibet, the military intervention in Taiwan is now a possibility and war of words with Vietnam has already started. Importantly, Indias relations with China are improving with improved bilateral trade, increased political initiatives and military co-operations. Thus, having studied the Chinese need and strategy for development of its Western region, the importance of Gwadar port and POK for the western region and Chinas energy security concerns, it can be confidently stressed that Chinas presence in Pakistan is not a threat to India but is the economic need of China.

Clash of the Titans: a Movie Review

Clash of the Titans â€Å"One day, somebody's gonna have to make a stand. One day, somebody's gonna have to say enough. † Louis Leterrier made a stand in directing the 2010 action-adventure, fantasy film entitled â€Å"Clash of the Titans†, a remake of 1981’s campy classic. This is a set in Argos, a Greek city, where a war is about to explode among men and gods, starring Sam Worthington who plays the role of Perseus, a demigod and the mortal son of Zeus whose task is to defeat the Kraken.The movie started with a narration that introduces the three Olympians who battled the Titans long ago: the brothers Zeus (Liam Neeson), Poseidon (Danny Huston), and Hades (Ralph Fiennes). Hades provided the means of defeating the Titans with his creation, the Kraken. After the Titans' defeat, Zeus created humans and ruled them while Poseidon ruled the sea, but Hades, having been deceived by Zeus, was forced to rule the Underworld. The day came when a man whose born a god but rai sed as a man named Perseus witness a group of soldiers from Argos destroying a statue of Zeus as a declaration of war against the gods.His adoptive parents, Spyros (Pete Postlethwaite) and Marmara (Elizabeth McGovern), and sister, Tekla (Sinead Michael) were killed when Hades devastated their fishing boat. Perseus was not able to save his family. The surviving soldiers take Perseus to Argos. When King Kepheus (Vincent Regan) and Queen Cassiopeia (Polly Walker) of Argos, at a feast for the returning soldiers, compare themselves to the Olympian deities and compare the beauty of their daughter, Andromeda (Alexa Davalos), to that of Aphrodite, Hades appears again, killing the remaining soldiers .He kills the queen, and demands that Argos farther pay for its disrespect and pride; in ten days, the Kraken will be released, and if the princess, Andromeda, is not sacrificed, Argos will be destroyed. Hades then seeks out the gods on Mount Olympus and persuades Zeus to agree with his plan to p unish humanity for their lack of love. Knowing Perseus unaffected by his attack, Hades realized he is a demigod, and tells him of his true father, Zeus. At first, the Argives see Perseus as an agent of the gods and imprison him, but the king later seeks his help.A woman named Io (Gemma Arterton), who has been watching over Perseus his entire life, advises him that the only way to avenge the death of his family is to agree with the king's wish and attempt to defeat the Kraken. This was the beginning of Perseus’ great escapade. When Perseus and other soldiers try to kill Medusa (Natalia Vodianova), the Gordon, in the underworld, was a great and terrifying part of the film. The massive set design of this film gave a big impact to me as a viewer. It makes me feel how hard the paths and challenges Perseus overcome.It seemed so true. While watching it, I was trying to imagine myself as one soldier there and I felt so scared and said to myself that if I were there, I will give up ea sily. No wonder why â€Å"Clash of the Titans† nominated in Character Animation in a Live Action Production in Annie Award and in Best Fantasy Film in Saturn Award in 2011. Just as awesome as the set design were the actors. Sam Worthington played a very crucial role as a strong-willed Perseus. His portrayal of the demigod depends more on his courage and strength than his boyish good looks.Gemma Arterton who played as Io made her as a nominee in Choice Movie: Breakout Female in Teen Choice Award in 2010. â€Å"There’s a god in you. Be sure to bring it. † This film shows we have to accept the gifts God gave to us and use it in a good way. Specials gifts have the purpose why we possessed some of it. It also shows that life was not easy but, God is always there to guide and help us. This film is great, from the actors to designs. Everyone should watch this because it teaches bravery and strength.

Hamlet Essay †Misogyny Essay

Misogyny, by definition, is the hatred of women and girls. In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, misogyny affects women in negative ways that both impact how a woman is portrayed along with how these stereotypes and controls influence her actions and ultimately lead to her demise. Gertrude and Ophelia, the only major female characters of this play, are both women who must confront various factors and adverse effects of misogyny. Shakespeare uses the patriarchal system to suggest the effects of men’s misogynistic behavior towards women. The patriarchal system allows men to objectify women by using them as pawns, and gives men the power to control and manipulate women as they please. Shakespeare demonstrates this through the words and actions of Polonius, Ophelia’s father. Firstly, the patriarchal system gives Polonius the power to treat Ophelia like an object and control her actions. Claudius, Gertrude, and Polonius all come together in this scene to make a plan on how to di scover why Hamlet has gone so mad. In their conversation, Polonius says, â€Å"At such a time I’ll loose my daughter to him.† (II.ii.174) Here, the word â€Å"loose† emphasizes the cynical unconcern that he has for his daughter. The use of â€Å"loose† in this context is also a pun. Loose means cow, so Shakespeare uses this line as a metaphor to say that Polonius is soon going to â€Å"loose† his daughter, a cow, to a bull, who is none other than Hamlet. Polonius does this again while talking to Ophelia about how she shouldn’t believe Hamlet’s words or rely on any of his promises because according to Polonius, Hamlet doesn’t truly love Ophelia; he simply has a strong lust for her at the moment. â€Å" Ay, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know, / When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul/ Lends the tongue vows,† Polonius explains. (I.ii.120) Shakespeare uses diction here to emphasize what Polonius thinks of his daughter. â€Å"Springes† are snares to catch fools and a â€Å"woodcock† is a bird that is easily taken. In simple terms, Polonius is comparing Ophelia to this foolish type of bird, saying that she is easy to get and fool. Once again, he compa res her to an animal – objectifying her and bringing her down from her status as a human and woman in society. Shakespeare demonstrates how sexuality is portrayed as something crude and wrong through the actions of Queen Gertrude. Hamlet’s aversion towards his mother’s sexuality upkeeps the idea that sexuality is obscene. Hamlet is absolutely disgusted by his mother and while talking to himself, exclaims: â€Å"O, most wicked speed, to post/ With such dexterity to  incestuous sheets!† (I.ii.158-159) Gertrude’s sexuality makes her inappropriate because she remarried with â€Å"wicked speed.† The word â€Å"wicked† has a negative connotation to it. It implies that Gertrude’s speed in remarrying was bad and evil because she betrayed King Hamlet so quickly and the quickness of her actions makes her seem sexually vulgar. Hamlet is disgusted by the fact that his mother was both quick and agile with becoming incestuous. Furthermore, the idea that sexuality is vulgar is further demonstrated when the ghost of King Hamlet reveals his disgust towards Gertrude’s incest. â€Å"So lust, through to a radiant angel linked, / will state itself in a celestial bed/ And prey on garbage.† (I.v.59-60) Even though sexuality can be pure like a â€Å"radiant angel,† it will glut (â€Å"sate†) and â€Å"prey on garbage.† Shakespeare uses imagery with these words to reveal that Gertrude is garbage and that she is searched for like junk by a scavenger. The word â€Å"sate† shows Gertrude as a gluttonous animal, implying that her sexuality makes her an animal; thus sexuality is vulgar. Shakespeare emphasizes that virginity is essential to a women’s value in society, for it makes her both pure and desirable. Ophelia’s conversations with her brother Laertes and her father Polonius provide evidence that both Laertes and Polonius place a very high value of Ophelia’s sexuality and her obligation to protect her virginity. Laertes and Ophelia have one last conversation before he departs to France. He gives her advice about rejecting lust and desire in order to keep her virginity and thereby make herself honorable. In their conversation with each other, Laertes warns Ophelia to not let herself be seduced and lose her honor by losing her virginity. He says, â€Å"The canker galls the infants of the spring/ Too oft before their buttons be disclosed.† (I.ii.42-43) Shakespeare uses some interesting metaphors in this scene to stress the value of Ophelia’s maidenhood by comparing it to a flower. The phrase â€Å"infants of the spring† im plies both innocence and fertility. This metaphor compares women, in this case Ophelia; to new spring flowers whose buds still haven’t been opened (still virgins). Laertes is saying that Ophelia is still young so she must resist her desires in order to save her virginity; doing so would also save her honor, which is something that is very valued especially for women in society. Polonius also warns Ophelia about the value of her virginity, but  for other reasons. Unlike Laertes, who is more concerned about Ophelia’s happiness and emotional well-being, Polonius is more focused on himself and the respect of his family. He says to her: â€Å"You do not understand yourself so clearly/ As it behooves my daughter and your honor.† (I.ii.102-103) Here, Polonius is saying that Ophelia does not yet understand how to behave in a way that is suitable for someone who is his daughter and who is under his name and household. He is afraid that if Ophelia loses her virginity, she will disgrace the family and hurt his reputation; all in all, he fears that the respect of his family will be damaged. This makes it evident that Shakespeare believed th at along with altering a woman’s reputation and social standing, women’s chastity also affected men’s social standing in society. Seeing that virginity is given such high value, Shakespeare also clearly demonstrates the consequences that a woman experiences by losing her virginity before marriage. He uses Ophelia’s character to illustrate how losing a woman’s virginity causes her to lose relationships with people she loves, her social status and reputation, her sanity, and ultimately, her life. OPHELIA. By Gis and by Saint Charity, Alack, and fie, for shame! Young men will do ’t, if they come to ’t. By Cock, they are to blame. Quoth she, â€Å"Before you tumbled me, You promised me to wed.† He answers: â€Å"So would I ’a’ done, by yonder sun, An thou hadst not come to my bed.† (IV.v.59-67) After losing her father, Ophelia has become insane and is singing this song while reminiscing about the love that she and Hamlet once had. She has been driven to this madness because of her instability after her father is killed and Hamlet leaves her. Slowly everyone she loves is drifting away and she feels that is because she didn’t listen to her father and brother about protecting her virginity before, so now she is suffering the consequences.  In this scene, she is specifically singing about how Hamlet did not keep his promise of marrying her after they had slept together. â€Å"Young men will do’t if they come to’t,/ By cock, they are to blame,† she explains. In other words, she is saying that men will have sex whenever they have the opportunity. With the phrase â€Å"by cock, they are to blame,† she is saying that the â€Å"cock† represents the vulgar corruption of God because they are the ones who take a woman’s virginity. Furt hermore, Hamlet does not want to marry Ophelia anymore because she isn’t a virgin and all men want to marry a woman who is pure and untouched. Ophelia’s madness in this scene expresses how losing her virginity led her to insanity because she was incapable of dealing with losing all of her loved ones. Additionally, she loses any respect that she had, along with her social status, because she has done something that is completely unacceptable for a young woman to do in such a society in that time. All of this ultimately causes Ophelia to take her own life as a way to end the chain reactions of heartbreak and misery that she has had to experience, all because she decided to go and lose her virginity to Hamlet. In conclusion, Shakespeare uses the patriarchal system to suggest men’s ability to manipulate women, and ultimately gives an explanation of the reactions to men’s misogynistic behavior towards women. Common stereotypes of women gravely impact women’s perception of themselves and shape women to fit under certain archetypes in a patriarch-run society. Misogyny destructively affects the fate of â€Å"Woman† and, slowly but surely, leads to the deterioration of her idea of self and identity.

The Civil War Essay Example

The Civil War Essay Example The Civil War Essay The Civil War Essay Essay Topic: Diary Of a Madman Many historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid was to the Civil War what the Boston Massacre had been to the American Revolution. They were both incendiary events. Defenders of the union generally condemned Brown and called the raid the work of a madman. Everywhere the threat of slave insurrections fed fears, and the uproar strengthened the hand of secessionists who argued that the South needed to rid itself of northern influence. The eventual view in the living North that John Brown was a martyr, combined with the abhorrence of Brown by the masses in the South showed that a Civil War was imminent. The North and the South had an ideological difference about the practice of slavery. What the North considered incorrigibly evil, the South considered a positive good. The conflict between the North and the South sprung from the slavery issue and men like John Brown were part of the causes of the war. To his men and to Frederick Douglass, Brown made clear that he intended nothing les s than to provoke a slave insurrection. All evidence points to that motive. Brown constantly warned his conspirators that such a raid might fail; yet even in failure he hoped a sectional crisis would unfold leading to the destruction of slavery. Browns contradicting statements has provoked speculation over the man and his hidden motives. Some saw Brown as an insurrectionist, others as a self-deluded martyr, and still others as insane. (Document A) The way Brown conducted the raid was disappointing to many intellectuals in the North, as they saw that violence was not the answer to the slavery question. However, men like the transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau, (Document B)s saw Browns raid as a confirmation of the living Norths commitment to the egalitarian roots of the new nation.

Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Example

Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Example Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence Essay Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it. Stephen Butler Leacock Advertising may be described as the science of striking the human acumen for a period to get money from it. It is used in many different ways for all diverse principles. Ads are used to get the word out to the consumers whether its for selling a product or to promote a special occasion. Advertisements are found in various place such as on TV, newspapers, billboards, internet, pop-ups, banners, cars and through people. Its pros and cons and word of mouth is probably the best form of advertising, as where TV advertising isnt as big as it used to be because of newer technology and most people change the channel or tune out. Advertising is the paid promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion1. It must be seen or heard by potential buyers. Basically with ads its the most important aspects of any business to selling their products or service. Without sale, no business can succeed very long. The bottom line in any ad is quite simple: To make the reader buy the product or service2. A lot of companies spent extravagantly large amounts of money to make campaigns for their products to get the most from their patrons. One way they do this is by undergoing advertising techniques. Companies appeal to consumers in many different ways to persuade them to buy their products3. Advertisements are written according to a straightforward master formula which consists of four steps. 1 Advertising Wikipedia (2004) [online] at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advertising 2 Cyberganda Advertising Jeanell Bertels (2005) [online] at community. k12. mo. us/webquest/bertels/quest. htm 3 Media Awareness. They are, attract the ATTENTON of your prospect; INTEREST your prospect in the product; cause your prospect to DESIRE the product and finally demand ACTION from the prospect4. There are also numerous advertising techniques used to grab the human intelligence and to guide them into paying for a product or service. Avant garde is a technique suggesting that using this product puts the user ahead of times e. g. a toy manufacturer encourages kids to be the first on their block to have the new toy. Bandwagon suggests that everybody in using the product and that you should too in order to be part of the group e. g. a credit card company quotes the number of millions of people who use their card. Another technique is by using facts and figures in their advertisements. Statistic and objective factual information is used to prove the superiority of the product e. g. a car manufacturer quotes the amount of time it takes their car to get from 0 to 100 km/h. An alternative method used is through patriotism where it advocates purchasing this product show your love of your company e.  g. a company boasts about its products being made in Australia and employing Australian workers, Plain folks suggests that he product is a practical item of good value for ordinary people where it shows an ordinary family sitting down at a table for breakfast and enjoying their product the other is the Snob appeal where it shows the product being used by an elite group of customers with a luxurious and glamorous lifestyle e. g. a coffee manufacturer shows people dressed in formal clothing drinking their brand at an art gallery. Testimonials are another great way to sell items for consumption and a famous personality is used to endorse the product e. g. a famous NBA player recommends a particular brand of shoes. Last but not least is the technique through wit and humor. Customers are attracted to products that divert the audience by giving viewers a reason to laugh or to be entertained by cleaver use of visuals or language. The approach to take them extra dollars from the consumer pockets is on an all time high. With the fast food industries there has been a lot of controversy about the freshness and the health issue. 4 Advertising Campaign About. com (2004) [online] at http://advertising. about. com/od/smallbusinesscampaigns/a/youradcampaign. htm The fast food outlets came up with a new strategy to get rid of the negative stereotypes surrounding their companies. To overcome these problems, fast food outlets such as McDonalds came up with a new fresh and healthy menu for their customers. McDonalds issued out a campaign to start a Deli Choice menu for their consumers (see appendix 1). This was therefore due to the number of obesity levels and the criticism surrounding McDonalds through the film Supersize Me. McDonalds then introduced this to get a message to the public that their food isnt all fattening and unhealthy. They also started to put the nutrition details on every burger meal for their customers. The Salads Plus was also inserted into the menu to make the image give the impression of being healthy. Weve developed the range by adding new items and making improvements to some of the existing ones to ensure the Salads Plus menu range will leave you feeling great (see appendix 2). Through this manner, McDonalds are trying to make a statement to say that their products are healthy and that they have made a change from the past. McDonalds uses the technique of patriotism where they also tell their customer that their meat is all 100% Australian and that its endured to be of the highest quality5. With the fast food competition, McDonalds and Subway always were big rivals. They both used adverting techniques to make the other opponent look ghastly. With all the debate about the health issues, communication is a big part in it all. Without the communication, no one in the public will know the truth about all the good and bad things that happen in any class of advertisement. Advertising is used to grab out emotion in whichever sort of way and it will make us rethink about what we need to satisfy our needs. Ads can make us come back to something be decided to leave but through different viewpoint each time.